ece 5th semester anna university syllabus

1ece 5th semester anna university syllabus

ANNA UNIVERSITY CHENNAI : : CHENNAI – 600 025

AFFILIATED INSTITUTIONS

B.E. (8 SEMESTER) ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CURRICULUM – R 2008

SEMESTER V

(Applicable to the students admitted from the Academic year 2008–2009 onwards)

CODE NO. COURSE TITLE L T P C

THEORY

EC2301 Digital Communication 3 0 0 3

EC2302 Digital Signal Processing 3 1 0 4

EC2303 Computer Architecture and Organization 3 0 0 3

EC2305 Transmission Lines and Wave guides 3 1 0 4

GE2211 Environmental Science and Engineering 3 0 0 3

EC2304 Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 3 1 0 4

PRACTICAL

EC2306 Digital Signal Processing Lab 0 0 3 2

EC2307 Communication Systems Lab 0 0 3 2

EC2308 Microprocessor and Microcontroller Lab 0 0 3 2

TOTAL 18 3 9 27

2

EC2301 DIGITAL COMMUNICATION

L T P C

3 0 0 3

UNIT I DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEM 8

Introduction to Analog Pulse Communication Systems – Digital Communication Systems

– Functional description, Channel classification, Performance Measure; Geometric

representation of Signals, Bandwidth , Mathematical Models of Communication Channel.

UNIT II BASEBAND FORMATTING TECHNIQUES 10

Sampling – Impulse sampling, Natural Sampling, Sampler Implementation; Quantisation

– Uniform and Non-uniform; Encoding Techniques for Analog Sources- Temporal

waveform encoding, Spectral waveform encoding, Model-based encoding, Comparison

of speech encoding methods.

UNIT III BASEBAND CODING TECHNIQUES 9

Error Control Codes - Block Codes , Convolutional Codes, Concept of Error Free

Communication; Classification of line codes, desirable characteristics and power

spectra of line codes.

UNIT IV BASEBAND RECEPTION TECHNIQUES 9

Noise in Communication Systems; Receiving Filter – Correlator type, Matched Filter

type; Equalising Filter - Signal and system design for ISI elimination, Implementation,

Eye Pattern analysis; Synchronisation; Detector – Maximum Likelihood Detector, Error

Probability, Figure-of-Merit for Digital Detection.

UNIT V BANDPASS SIGNAL TRANSMISSION AND RECEPTION 9

Memory less modulation methods - Representation and Spectral characteristics, ASK,

PSK, QAM, QPSK, FSK; Bandpass receiving filter, Error performance – Coherent and

Non-coherent detection systems.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Amitabha Bhattacharya, “Digital Communications”, Tata McGraw Hill, 2006.

2. Simon Haykin, “Digital Communications”, John Wiley, 2006.

REFERENCES:

1. John.G. Proakis, “Fundamentals of Communication Systems”, Pearson Education,

2006.

2. Michael. B. Purrsley, “Introduction to Digital Communication”, Pearson Education,

2006.

3. Bernard Sklar, Digital Communication, 2nd Edition, Paerson Education, 2006

4. Herbert Taub & Donald L Schilling – Principles of Communication Systems ( 3rd

Edition ) – Tata McGraw Hill, 2008.

5. Leon W. Couch, Digital and Analog Communication Systems, 6th Edition, Pearson

Education, 2001.

3

EC2306 DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB L T P C

0 0 3 2

USING TMS320C5X/TMS320C 67XX/ADSP 218X/219X/BS531/532/561

1. Study of various addressing modes of DSP using simple programming examples

2. Implementation of Linear and Circular Convolution

3. Sampling of input signal and display

4. Waveform generation

5. Implementation of FIR filter

USING MATLAB

1. Generation of Signals

2. Linear and circular convolution of two sequences

3. Sampling and effect of aliasing

4. Design of FIR filters

5. Design of IIR filters

6. Calculation of FFT of a signal

7. Decimation by polyphase decomposition.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

Requirement for a batch of 30 students

S.No. Description of Equipment Quantity

required

1. PCs with Fixed / Floating point DSP

Processors (Kit / Add-on Cards)

15 Units

(2 students

per system)

2. List of software required:

MATLAB with Simulink and Signal

Processing Tool Box

10 Users

license

3. Function Generators (1MHz) 15

4. CRO (20MHz) 15

10

EC2307 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS LAB L T P C

0 0 3 2

1. Amplitude modulation and Demodulation.

2. Frequency Modulation and Demodulation

3. Pulse Modulation – PAM / PWM / PPM

4. Pulse Code Modulation

5. Delta Modulation, Adaptive Delta Modulation.

6. Digital Modulation & Demodulation – ASK, PSK, QPSK, FSK (Hardware &

MATLAB)

7. Designing, Assembling and Testing of Pre-Emphasis / De-emphasis Circuits.

8. PLL and Frequency Synthesizer

9. Line Coding

10. Error Control Coding using MATLAB.

11. Sampling & Time Division Multiplexing.

12. Frequency Division Multiplexing,

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

Requirement for a batch of 30 students

S.No. Description of Equipment Quantity required

1. CRO – 20 MHz 15

2. Function Generator (1 MHz ) 15

3. Power Supply ( 0 - 30 Volts Variable )

( IC Power supply)

15

4. Bread Board 10

5. AM Transceiver Kit 2

6. FM Transceiver Kit 2

7. PAM,PPM,PWM Trainer Kits 2

8. PCM /DM/ ADM Trainer Kit 2

9. Line Coding & Decoding Kit 2

10. ASK,PSK,FSK,QPSK Trainer Kits 2

11. Sampling & TDM trainer kit 2

12. Mat lab (Communication tool box) 5 user license

Consumables

13. IC 565,566,567,741

14. BC 107

15. BFW10

16. OA79

17. Resistors ( Various ranges )

18. Capacitors ( Various ranges )

19. Decade Inductance box

Minimum of 50 No.

each

11

EC2308 MICROPROCESSOR AND MICROCONTROLLER LAB L T P C

0 0 3 2

1. Programs for 16 bit Arithmetic operations (Using 8086).

2. Programs for Sorting and Searching (Using 8086).

3. Programs for String manipulation operations (Using 8086).

4. Programs for Digital clock and Stop watch (Using 8086).

5. Interfacing ADC and DAC.

6. Parallel Communication between two MP Kits using Mode 1 and Mode 2 of 8255.

7. Interfacing and Programming 8279, 8259, and 8253.

8. Serial Communication between two MP Kits using 8251.

9. Interfacing and Programming of Stepper Motor and DC Motor Speed control.

10. Programming using Arithmetic, Logical and Bit Manipulation instructions of 8051

microcontroller.

11. Programming and verifying Timer, Interrupts and UART operations in 8051

microcontroller.

12. Communication between 8051 Microcontroller kit and PC.

TOTAL= 45 PERIODS

Requirement for a batch of 30 students

S.No. Description of Equipment Quantity

required

1. 8086 Trainer 15 Nos.

2. 8051 Trainer 15 Nos.

3. 8255 Interfacing Card 3 Nos.

4. 8279 Interfacing Card 3 Nos.

5. 8259 Interfacing card 3 Nos.

6. 8251 Interfacing Card 3 Nos.

7. ADC Interfacing card 3 Nos.

8. DAC Interfacing Card 3 Nos.

9. Stepper motor Interfacing card 3 Nos.

10. DC motor Interfacing card 3 Nos.

anna university chennai 5th semester ece syllabus download anna univ 5 semester ece syllabus Anna univ 5 semester ece syllabus Anna univ 5 semester ece syllabus Anna univ 5 semester ece syllabus Anna univ 5 semester ece syllabus Anna univ 5 semester ece syllabus,anna univ 5 semester ece syllabus

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING QUESTION BANK | anna university evs question bank

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & ENGINEERING

SUBJECT CODE - 185301/185302
Anna University of Technology ,R 2010
QUESTION BANK
UNIT – I


PART – A


1. Define Environmental studies.
2. What are the principles of environmental education?
3. Mention the scope and importance of Environmental studies.
4. Define Ecology?
5. Define Eco-System with an example?
6. What are the structural components of an Ecosystem?
7. Bring out the functional features of an Ecosystem?
8. Differentiate between Food Chain and Food Web?
9. What are Ecological Pyramids. Give examples.
10. Pyramid of energy is always upright. Explain.
11. What are Biochemical cycles. Explain their importance?
12. What is the significance of Ecological pyramids?
13. There found to be only 4 to 5 trophic levels in any Ecosystem. Explain.
14. What is Ecological Succession. Mention its types.
15. Discuss about the prime characteristics of
a.Forest Ecosystem
b.Grassland Ecosystem
c.Desert Ecosystem
d.Aquatic Ecosystem
aimforhigh
16. Differentiate species and genera. (or) Define genetic diversity.
17. Differentiate between biodiversity and ecosystem biodiversity.
18. What are hotspots of biodiversity?
19. Justify India to be a great spot of biodiversity.
20. Bring out the threats towards biodiversity.
21. How poaching affects biodiversity.
22. Define Endemism with an example.
23. What are endangered species? Give examples.
24. What are the aesthetic values of biodiversity.
25. What are National Parks. Name few parks in India.
26. Explain the necessity to conserve biodiversity.
27. What are GPP and NPP.
28. What is Ecological regulators.
29. Define Food Chain with an example.
30. Define Food Web with an example.
31. Discuss the water cycle.
32. Bring few methods to conserve biodiversity.
33. What is stratification?
34. Bring out the classification of aquatic ecosystem.
35. Explain ecological; pyramids with respect to pond ecosystem.
36. What is ecosystem diversity.
37. Bring out the Bio-geographical classification of India.
38. Comment on local or regional biodiversity.
39. Explain Endemism with respect to India.
40. Bring out the order of distribution of biodiversity through out the world with reasons.
41. What is biodiversity and its significance.
42. Explain biosphere.
43. Explain threatened species.
44. What are the types of grassland ecosystem? aimforhigh






PART-B


1. Explain the components, characteristics and biodiversity of Forest ecosystem.
2. Explain the structure and functional features of Aquatic ecosystem.
3. Discuss in detail about Ecological succession stating the various stages &
Ecological pyramid
4. What are trophic levels? Explain the flow of energy and minerals in ecosystem.
5. Explain the two models of energy flow in an ecosystem.
6. Discuss the value of biodiversity.
7. Explain Carbon and Nitrogen cycles.
8. Explain the Sulphur and Phosphorus cycles.
9. What are the threats faced by biodiversity. What are the solutions for the threats.
10. Explain In-situ and Ex-situ conservation of biodiversity.(or) What are the
measures recommended for conservation of biodiversity.
11. Discuss briefly the structural & functional components of an ecosystem.
12. Classify & Explain the values of biodiversity.


UNIT-II


PART-A


1. Define Pollution.
2. What are the types of pollutants.
3. What are the types of Air pollutants.
4. What is suspended particulate matter. Give example.
5. Define photochemical smog.
6. What are types of acid rain.
7. How will you control air pollution.
8. Give the major water pollutants with example. aimforhigh
9. What is meant by point and nonpoint sources.
10. What is chlorosis and necrosis.
11. What is bioaccumulation.
12. Mention the diseases caused by nitrates.
13. Define BOD and COD.
14. Define soil pollution.
15. What are the sources of soil pollution.
16. What are the sources effects of marine pollution.
17. What are the control methods of thermal pollution.
18. Give the sources of radio activity.
19. Classify solid wastes.
20. What are the sources of urban and industrial wastes.
21. Why do earth quake occur.
22. What are the damages caused by io0nic radiations.
23. What are the various types of natural disasters.
24. What are the roles of a citizen in reducing pollution.
25. What are Municipal Solid Wastes(MSW)
26. What is composting.
27. What is incinerators.
28. What are aerosols. Give examples.
29. Explain aerobic and anaerobic oxidation.
30. What are the two main commonly used radio isotopes in nuclear fission reactions?
31. Explain disaster management briefly.
32. What is meant by automobile pollution.
33. What is domestic sewage?
34. What are the sources and effects of air pollutants.
35. Define thermal pollution.
36. What are the causes of noise pollution?


PART- B


1.Mention the sources and effects of various air pollutants.
2. Describe the method of control of air pollution.
3.Briefly describe the sources effects and control of noise pollution.
4. Enumerate with example the major sources of surface and ground water
pollution.
5. Wrtie short notes on a) Minimata disease b) blue baby syndrome c) itai-itai
disease.
6. Explain the method of sewage water treatment.
7. What are the major sources of soil pollution?
8. What are the measures to be taken to prevent soil pollution?
9. Explain in detail the Solid waste management techniques.
10. Write notes on (i) Floods (ii) Landslides (iii) Cyclones.
11. Explain any two case studies on Nuclear pollution.
12. What are the sources, effects & control measures of Marine pollution?
13. Explain the various types of Radio-active radiations.
15. What are the effects of improper municipal solid waste management? State
the measures recommended for proper management of the solid waste.
16. Explain the methods of disposal of municipal solid waste.
17. Write notes on disposal of radio-active wastes.
18. Compare the nuclear power with coal power.
19. What are the causes of soil erosion and methods of preventing it.
20. Discuss the aspects of prevention & control of noise.
21. Explain the sources & effects of thermal pollution.
22. What do you know about Tsunami? Explain the formation of Tsunami.


UNIT-III


PART-A
1. What is mining? Mention the methods of mining.
2. Enumerate the effects of mining on the environment.
3. What are Dams? How is it useful to human beings?
4. Discuss the problems of over-exploitation of Ground water.
5. What are the methods of flood control?
6. What are the up-stream impacts of constsruction of dams?
7. Define under-nutrition & mal-nutrition.
8. What are the merits of using renewable energy resources?
9. Why alternate energy resources are required?
10. What is the application of wind energy?
11. Write a note on Geo-Thermal energy.
12. What is soil erosion? aimforhigh
13. Differentiate between renewable & non-renewable energy resources.
14. Mention the advantages & disadvantages of modern agriculture.
15. Differentiate between organic and synthetic fertilizers.
16. What is an aquifer? Mention its types.
17. What are the types of mining?
18. Mention the types of drought.
19. What are super-pests?
20. Define Eutrophication.
21. What is biological magnification?
22. What is organic farming?
23. What is meant by sustainable development?
24. What are the major causes of deforestation?
25. Mention the effects of ground water usage?
26. What are the types of minerals?
27. What is microbial leaching technique?
28. What is carrying capacity?
29. What are the types of soil erosion?
30. What are the uses of various types of minerals?
31. What is bio-gas?
32. What is nuclear energy?
33. Define sustainabe forestry.
34. State the environmental effects of extracting & using mineral resources.
35. State the need for public awareness for solving environmental problems.
36. What is water logging?
37. What is salinization?
38. How forests are useful to mankind?
39. List the advantages & Disadvantages of hydel power.




PART – B


1. What are conventional energy resources? Discuss about solar energy and Ocean thermal energy.
2. Discuss the major causes & consequences of deforestation?
3. Explain the major impacts of timber extraction and mining.
4. Enumerate the various benefits and drawbacks of constructing dams.
5. What are the uses and over-exploitation of water? Explain with a case-study.
6. Comment on floods & drought.
7. What are the environmental impacts of mineral extraction? Explain.
8. Discuss in detail the impacts of over-grazing & agriculture.
9. Write short notes of (i) Tidal energy (ii) Bio-gas (iii) Nuclear energy.
10. Explain the various types of land degradation.
11. Explain as an individual how will you conserve natural resources.
12. How will you achieve sustainable life-style by equitable share of resources.
13. What are the measures recommended for conservation of natural resources.
14. Explain briefly the various methods of harvesting solar energy.
15. Explain in detail the effects due to pesticides usage in moderns agriculture.
16. Explain in detail mineral resources & Food resources.
17. Discuss about over exploitation of forest.
18. Explain the following a. Desertification b. Land degradation
19. Explain various conventional energy resources.








UNIT – IV


PART – A


1. Define Sustainable development.
2. Write a note on Earth Summit – 1992.
3. Bring out the important aspects of sustainable development.
4. Write a note on 3R principle.
5. Define Rain Water Harvesting.
6. What are the objectives of rain water harvesting?
7. What is water Shed?
8. What are the objectives (or) principles of watershed management?
9. Write a note on agro-forestry.
10. Name few Green-House gases.
11. What are the effects of global warming?
12. Mention few practices to reduce global warming.
13. Explain acid-rain and its effects.
14. Bring out the reactions taking place at stratosphere.
15. What are the effects of Ozone-Layer depletion?
16. Compare Consumerism & Waste generation.
17. Enlist the factors affecting the sustainable society.
18. Differentiate between Re-habilitation & Re-settlement of people.
19. Mention the objectives of Environment Protection Act.
20. Enlist the objectives of Air-Pollution Act.
21. Explain the Wild-Life protection Act.
22. Explain the necessity of Environmental Legislation.
23. What is nuclear holocaust? How can it occur?
24. Write a note on crop rotation.
25. Discuss the articles 48-A & 51-A of Indian Constitutional provision for Environmental protection.
26. Write a note on CPCB & SPCB.
27. Indicate some methods to create environmental awareness among public.
28. How can we achieve the goal of sustainable development?
29. Define environmental ethics.
30. How does a climate change occur?
31. Mention any two control measures on acid rain.
32. What is acid deposition ?
33. Define population explosion.


PART – B


1. Bring out the activities of NGO’s on environmental protection.
2. Discuss about the Forest Act, 1980 and its amendment –1992.
3. Describe about Water Act – 1974.
4. Describe the important waste land reclamation practices.
5. Describe environmental ethics in detail.
6. Discuss the modern techniques of rain water harvesting.
7. Discuss the water shed management practices.
8. Discuss in detail about the water conservation methods.
9. Discuss the agenda for sustainable development.
10. Write in detail about global warming.
11. Explain the mechanism of Ozone layer depletion.
12. Write briefly on community participation in environment management programmes.
13. Discuss briefly of the Indian environmental Acts.
14. Write short notes on a) environmental ethics b) waste land reclamation.
15. State the important provisions in Environment protection Act , Air Act Water Act.
16. Explain the role of NGOs in Environmental management.
17. Explain the power & functions of state pollution control board.
18. Explain the wild life protection act.
19. Discuss the energy requirement in detail for sustaining urban life.


UNIT – V


PART –A


1. Write short notes on population dynamics.
2. What are the factors affecting population size?
3. What is meant by population stabilization.
4. Define the term population explosion.
5. What kinds of problems are created due to Urbanisation?
6. What are the objectives of Family Planning Programmes?
7. Mention the types of health hazards with examples.
8. What is the role of primary health care against AIDS?
9. What do you mean by remote sensing?
10. Mention the applications of remote sensing on water resources.
11. What is doubling time, total fertility rates?
12. Define Zero Population growth.
13. What are the two important views of population growth?
14. What is meant by value education?
15. What is GIS?
16. Define (i) Toxins (ii) Carcinogens (iii) Tetrogenic (iv) Neurotoxins.
17. State how environment & human health are related?
18. Define urbanisation.
19. What are HIV & AIDS?


PART – B


1. Explain the population characteristics & variations among nations.
2. What is meant by population explosion? Discuss the Indian Scenario.
3. What is meant by population stabilization? Discuss the family welfare and family planning in Indian context.
4. Discuss the influence of environmental parameters and pollution on human health.
5. What is Universal declaration of Human rights? What is its importance in achieving the goals of equity, justice & sustainability.
6. Discuss the salient features of Draft declaration of Human Rights on environment.
7. What are the objectives & elements of Value-education? How can the same be achieved?
8. Briefly discuss HIV/AIDS, mode of its spread and its effect on environment.
9. Discuss various issues & measures for Women & Child Welfare at International & National level.
10. What is the role of NMIS, ENVIS & GIS in dissemination of environmental information and environmental management?
11. Explain the role of Information Technology in environment & Human health.
12. Discuss the environmental and social impacts of growing population.
13. Write briefly on the effect of increasing affluence on environment.
14. Write briefly on implementation of family planning programme.
15. Write a note on AIDS in developing countries. aimforhigh
16. Discuss the factors influencing the family size.
17. Discuss the necessity of formation of Women self help group.










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131301-Measurements and Instrumentation QUESTION BANK WITH ANSWERS

131301-Measurements and Instrumentation
Two mark question Answer
Unit I Measurement of voltage and Current


1. What is meant by measurement?
Measurement is an act or the result of comparison between the quantity and a
predefined standard.
2. Mention the basic requirements of measurement.aimforhigh
• The standard used for comparison purpose must be accurately defined and should be commonly accepted.
• The apparatus used and the method adopted must be provable.
3. What are the 2 methods for measurement?
• Direct method and
• Indirect method.
4. Explain the function of measurement system.
The measurement system consists of a transducing element which converts the
quantity to be measured in an analogous form. the analogous signal is then processed by some intermediate means and is then fed to the end device which presents the results of the measurement.
5. Define Instrument.
Instrument is defined as a device for determining the value or magnitude of a
quantity or variable.
6. List the types of instruments.
• The 3 types of instruments are
• Mechanical Instruments
• Electrical Instruments and
• Electronic Instruments.
7. Classify instruments based on their functions.
Indicating instruments
Integrating instruments
Recording instruments
8. Give the applications of measurement systems.
• The instruments and measurement systems are sued for
• Monitoring of processes and operations.
• Control of processes and operations.
• Experimental engineering analysis.
9. Why calibration of instrument is important?
The calibration of all instruments is important since it affords the opportunity to
check the instrument against a known standard and subsequently to errors in accuracy.






10. Explain the calibration procedure.
Calibration procedure involves a comparison of the particular instrument with
either.
• A primary standard
• A secondary standard with a higher accuracy than the instrument to be calibrated or An instrument of known accuracy.
11. Define Calibration.
It is the process by which comparing the instrument with a standard to correct
the accuracy.
12. Name the different essential torques in indicating instruments.
Deflecting torque
Controlling torque
Damping torque
13. Name the types of instruments used for making voltmeter and ammeter.
PMMC type
Moving iron type
Dynamometer type
Hot wire type
Electrostatic type
Induction type.
14. State the advantages of PMMC instruments
Uniform scale.
No hysterisis loss
Very accurate
High effuiciency.
15. State the disadvantages of PMMC instruments
Cannot be used for ac m/s
Some errors are caused by temperature variations.
16. State the applications of PMMC instruments
m/s of dc voltage and current
used in dc galvanometer.
17. How the range of instrument can be extended in PMMC instruments.
In ammeter by connecting a shunt resister
In voltmeter by connecting a series resister.
18. State the advantages of Dynamometer type instruments
Can be used for both dc and ac m/s.
Free from hysterisis and eddy current errors.
19. State the advantages of Moving iron type instruments
Less expensive
Can be used for both dc and ac
Reasonably accurate.
20. State the advantages of Hot wire type instruments
Can be used for both dc and ac
Unaffected by stray magnetic fields
Readings are independent of frequency and waveform.


Unit II Measurement of Power and Energy


1. What are the constructional parts of dynamometer type wattmeter?
Fixed coil
Moving Coil
Current limiting resister
Helical spring
Spindle attached with pointer
Graduated scale
2. Write down the deflecting torque equation in dynamometer type wattmeter.
Td á VI CosÖ
3. State the disadvantages of Dynamometer type wattmeter.
Readings may be affected by stray magnetic fields.
At low power factor it causes error.
4. Name the errors caused in Dynamometer type wattmeter.
Error due to pressure coil inductance
Error due to pressure coil capacitance
Error due to methods of connection
Error due to stray magnetic fields
Error due to eddy current.
5. How the errors caused by pc inductance is compensated.
By connecting a capacitor in parallel to the resister.
6. How the errors caused by methods of connection is compensated
By using compensating coil.
7. Name the methods used for power measurement in three phase circuits.
(i)Single wattmeter method
(ii) Two wattmeter method
(iii) Three wattmeter method.
8. What are the special features to be incorporated for LPF wattmeter?
Pressure coil circuit
Compensation for Pressure coil current
Compensation for Pressure coil inductance.
9. Define Phantom loading.
Method by which energizing the pressure coil circuit and current coil circuits
separately is called phantom loading.
10. State the use of phantom loading.
Power loss is minimized.
11. Name the methods used in Wattmeter calibration.
By comparing with std wattmeter.
By using voltmeter ammeter method.
By using Potentiometer.
12. What are the types of energy meters?
Electrolytic meters
Motor meters.
Clock meters




13. Name the constructional parts of induction type energy meter.
Current coil with series magnet
Voltage coil with shunt magnet
Al disc
Braking magnet
Registering mechanism.
14. How voltage coil is connected in induction type energy meter.
It is connected in parallel to supply and load.
15. How current coil is connected in induction type energy meter.
It is connected in series to the load.
16. Why Al disc is used in induction type energy meter.
Aluminum is a nonmagnetic metal.
17. What is the purpose of registering mechanism.
It gives a valuable number proportional to the rotations.
18. What is the purpose of braking mechanism.
It provides necessary braking torque.
19. Define creeping.
Slow but continuous rotation of disc when pc is energized and cc is not energized.
20. State the reason why holes are provided in Al disc.
To avoid creeping holes are provided on both sides of Al disc.


Unit III Potentiometer and Instrument Transformers


1. What is the basic principle used in potentiometer.
In potentiometer the unknown emf is measured by comparing it with a std known emf.
2. Name the potentiometer material used.
German silver
Manganin wire
3. Define standardization.
It is the process by which adjusting the current flows through the potentiometer coil to make the voltage across the std cell is equal.
4. State the applications of potentiometer.
Used for m/s of unknown emf
Used for ammeter calibration
Used for Voltmeter calibration
Used for wattmeter calibration
5. State the advantages of crompton potentiometer.
More accurate
Easy to adjust
6. What are the practical difficulties in ac potentiometers.
More complicated
Accuracy is seriously affected
Difficulty is experienced in standardization.




7. Classify ac potentiometers.
Polar potentiometer
Coordinate potentiometer.
8. How the phase angle is measured in polar type potentiometers.
It is measured from the position of phase shifter.
9. Name some ac potentiometers.
Drysdale Tinsley potentiometer
Gall Tinsley potentiometer
10. State the advantages of ac potentiometers.
Can be used for m/s of both magnitude and phase angle
Can be used for m/s of inductance of the coil.
It is used in m/s of errors in CTS
11. State the applications of ac potentiometers.
M/s of self inductance.
Ammeter calibration
Voltmeter calibration
Wattmeter calibration.
12. State the advantages of instrument transformers.
Used for extension of range
Power loss is minimum
High voltage and currents can be measured.
13. State the disadvantage of instrument transformers.
Cannot be used for dc measurements.
14. What are the constructional parts of current transformer?
Primary winding
Secondary winding
Magnetic core.
15. Name the errors caused in current transformer.
Ratio error
Phase angle error
16. Define ratio error.
The ratio of energy component current and secondary current is known as the ratio error.
17. How the phase angle error is created.
It is mainly due to magnetizing component of excitation current.
18. State the use of potential transformer.
Used for m/s of high voltage
Used for energizing relays and protective circuits.
19. Name the errors caused in potential transformer.
Ratio error
Phase angle error.
20. How the CT and PT are connected in the circuits.
CT is connected in series and PT is connected in parallel.






Unit IV Resistance Measurement


1. Classify resistance.
Low resistance
Medium resistance
High resistance
2. What is the range of medium resistance?
Resistance of about 1 ohm to 100 kilo ohms are called medium resistance.
3. Name the methods used for low resistance measurement.
Ammeter – voltmeter method
Potentiometer method
Kelvin double bridge method
Ohm meter method.
4. Name the methods used for medium resistance measurement
Ammeter – voltmeter method
Substitution method
Wheatstone bridge method
Carey foster bridge method.
5. Where high resistance m/s is required?
Insulation resistance of cables
High resistance circuit elements
Volume resistivity of a material
Surface resistivity.
6. State the advantages of Wheatstone bridge method.
Free from errors
The balance is quit independent of source emf
7. State the advantages of Kelvin double bridge method.
Errors owing to contact resistance, resistance of leads can be eliminated by using
this Kelvin double bridge.
8. What are the constructional features of doctor ohmmeter?
Permanent magnet
Current coil
Pressure coil
Battery
Pointer with graduated scale.
9. Define megger.
The megger is an instrument used for the measurement of high resistance and
insulation resistance.
10. Name the parts of megger.
It consists of a hand driven dc generator and a direct reading true ohm meter.
11. What is the range of low resistance?
Resistance of about 1 ohm and under are included in this class.
12. What is the range of medium resistance?
Resistance of 100 kilo ohms and above are usually termed as high resistance.




13. What ranges of resistance can be measured by using doctor ohmmeter.
0 to 500 micro ohms
0 to 5 milli ohms
0 to 50 milli ohms
0 to 500 milli ohms
0 to 5 ohms.
14. How resistance is measured in direct deflection method.
The deflection of galvanometer connected in series with the resistance to be
measured gives a measure of the insulation resistance.
15. Classify the cables according to their sheathing.
Armoured cables
Unarmoured cables.
16. Name the leads present in megger.
Earth lead
Line lead
Guard lead.
17. How resistance is measured by using ohm meter method.
Series ohm meter method
Shunt ohm meter method.
18. How resistance is measured in loss of charge method.
In this method a capacitor is charged and discharged for a specific time period and from this resistance is measured.
19. State the balance equation used in bridge methods.
The product of opposite branch resistances are equal.
20. State the advantages of price’s guard wire method.
In this method leakage current does not flows through the meter and therefore it gives accurate reading.
21. How the earth resistance is measured.
By using earth megger the value of surface earth resistance can be measured.


Unit V Impedance Measurement


1. State the use of ac bridges.AIMFORHIGH
AC bridges are used for the m/s of self and mutual inductance and capacitance.
2. State the balance equation used in ac bridges.
The product of opposite branch impedances are equal.
3. Name the bridge circuits used for the m/s of self inductance.
Maxwell’s bridge
Maxwell-Wein Bridge
Anderson bridge
Hay’s bridge.
4. Name the bridge circuits used for the m/s of capacitance.
De Sauty’s bridge
Schering Bridge
Wein bridge


5. Name the bridge circuits used for the m/s of mutual inductance.
The Heaviside Campbell bridge
The Campbell bridge.
6. Which type of detector is used in ac bridges?
Vibration galvanometers are used.
7. Name the ac sources used in ac bridges.
AC supply with step-down transformer
Motor driven alternator
Audio frequency and radio frequency oscillator.
8. In which cases audio frequency oscillators are used as ac source.
For high frequency ac requirement audio frequency oscillators are used.
9. Name the sources of errors in ac bridge m/s.
Errors due to stray magnetic fields
Leakage errors
Eddy current errors
Residual errors
Frequency and waveform errors.
10. State the advantages of Maxwell-wein bridge.
The balance equation is independent of frequency and therefore more accurate.
11. State the disadvantage of Maxwell-wein bridge.
This method needs a std variable capacitor. Variable Capacitor is costliest.
12. State the disadvantages of Hay’s bridge.
The balance equation is dependent of frequency and therefore any changes in
frequency will affect the m/s.
13. State the use of Wein bridge.
It is used for the m/s of unknown capacitance and frequency.
14. What is the use of Campbell bridge?
This is used for the m/s of mutual inductance.
15. What is meant by inductometer?
The std variable mutual inductance meter is called as inductometer.
16. Define Q-factor of the coil.
It is the ratio between power stored in the coil to the power dissipated in the coil.
17. Name the components of iron loss.
Eddy current loss
Hysterisis loss.
18. Name the faults that occurs in cables.
Break down of cable insulation
Short circuit fault
Open conductor fault.
19. Name the loop test methods used in location of fault.
Murray loop test
Varley loop test.
20. How leakage errors are minimized in ac bridge circuits.
By using high grade insulation.
131301-Measurements and Instrumentation QUESTION BANK WITH ANSWERS